Common Cape Invasives, How to Get Rid of Them
and Replace Them With Similar Natives

Characteristics of Non-Native Invasive Species (not all non-natives are invasive)

  • Impacts the ecology and/or economy to the area it was introduced
  • Outcompetes and overwhelms the native flora
  • Grows and reproduces fast
  • Lacks native predators to slow their growth (nothing is eating these plants!)

Why Remove Invasive Species

They outcompete native plants that native wildlife depends on for survival. These have developed specific relationships over thousands of years of coevolution. Some species are so dependent on specific plants to feed on or that they can only use a certain plant to lay eggs on, for example, monarch butterflies and milkweed. But there are many more with such specific needs.

Invasive plants spread and create monocultures, leading to loss of biodiversity. I can attest to the lack of diversity in the space we have cleared of burning bush at Little Magothy Beach. There was nothing but burning bush as far as the eye could see. Tucked amongst them were some native sassafras just waiting for their chance to thrive. We have added some native trees and shrubs in hopes of creating a much more robust ecosystem!

Often the damage caused by invasive species cause irreversible damage to the environment, reduce recreational space and affect human health. There is also a significant economic factor—the time and expense of removing invasive species from a space.

How Invasive Species Come Into An Area

Invasive species are often sold at our local nurseries. Homeowners believe them to be safe to plant or not harmful because they are so commonly seen on landscapes and sold to us by landscapers and the nursery trade. We plant them on our landscapes and they spread through seed dispersal, wind, and root systems, and not just in our own property but out into common areas or to the wild.

They can come from many unintentional means by humans as well through travel and trade or the soles of our shoes after walking through an infested area.

How You Can Help Stop Invasive Plants

Don’t buy non-native invasive plants Just because you don’t see it spreading it in your landscape doesn’t mean it hasnt spread to other areas. The seeds and roots can travel great distances and create havoc somewhere out there. That non-native invasive, sacred bamboo, the nursery tells you is a variety, it will eventually revert to producing seed. The invasive Bradford pear that we were told was sterile is now along every corridor on the east coast. Create demand for native plants by asking your local big-box stores to carry more natives. Shop at local native plant nurseries and pop-up sales (such as the Cape Conservation Corps plant sales)

Common Cape Invasives

There are many invasive plant species in the yards and open spaces of the Cape. The small trees, shrubs, vines, herbaceous, and grass plants listed below are among the most common and are the worst of the worst invasives as they are known to spread aggressively by seed or roots. They are also more easily removed by homeowners compared with invasives such as grown trees, bamboo, and phragmites reeds.

Small Trees and Shrubs

Explore the small trees and shrubs that have become invasive in Cape St. Claire. These species, though often attractive, disrupt local ecosystems by crowding out native plants and altering natural habitats. Learn how to identify, manage, and replace them with better alternatives.

Bradford or Callery Pear

Removal
Pull or dig up seedlings and small trees.
Cut larger trees and stump sprouts
Native alternatives
Redbud, sweet bay magnolia, serviceberry, arrowwood viburnum, fringe- tree

Burning Bush

Removal
Pull or dig up seedlings and small bushes.
Cut large bushes to the ground.
Native alternatives
Red chokeberry, Virginia sweet spire, high- bush blueberry, maple leaf viburnum

Butterfly Bush (purple and white)

Removal
Pull or dig up seedlings and small bushes.
Cut large bushes to and stump sprouts.
Native alternatives
New York ironweed, Virginia sweet spire, sweet pepper bush, joe pye weed.

Japanese Barberry

Removal
Pull or dig
Cut larger trees and stump sprouts
Native alternatives
northern bayberry, sweet pepper bush, highbush blueberry

Mimosa

Removal
Pull or dig up seedlings and small trees.
Cut or girdle large trees, and cut stump
Native alternatives
Flowering dogwood, service berry, sweet bay magnolia, redbud.

Privet

Removal
Pull or dig up seedlings and small plants.
Cut large plants.
Native alternatives
Inkberry, black chokeberry, spicebush.

Rose of Sharon

Removal
Pull or dig up seedlings and small plants.
Cut large plants.
Native alternatives
Rose mallow, sweet bay magnolia, flowering dogwood.

Sacred Bamboo

NOTE: The berries are poisonous to pets and wildlife. They will kill birds that eat them, such as robins, cedar waxwings, bluebirds, and mockingbirds.
Removal
Pull or dig up including the roots.
Native alternatives
Winterberry, red chokeberry, inkberry.

Wineberry

Removal
Pull, or dig up.
Native alternatives
Blackberry, black raspberry, red chokeberry, flowering raspberry

Herbaceous Plants and Grasses

Discover the herbaceous plants and grasses that threaten Cape St. Claire’s natural landscapes. These fast-spreading invaders outcompete native species, reduce biodiversity, and impact the health of our local ecosystems. Find out how to recognize and control these problem plants.

Asiatic Day Flower

Removal
Pull, dig up, or smother with a thick layer of leaves or other mulch.
Native alternatives
Native day flower species, spiderwort.

Black Fountain Grass

Removal
Pull, dig up, weed whack, or mow.
Repeat as necessary.
Native alternatives
Bottlebrush grass, pink muhly grass, blue fescue, Foerster’s feather reed grass, little blue stem, prairie drop seed.

Chinese Silver Grass

Removal
Pull or dig up, including the roots to prevent re-sprouting.
Native alternatives
Big bluestem, bushy beardgrass, bottlebrush grass, switchgrass, indiangrass.

Day Lily

Removal
Pull or dig up, including the roots to prevent re-sprouting.
Native alternatives
Ox-eye sunflower, Canada Lily, wood lily, Turk’s cap lily, three-lobed coneflower.

Garlic Mustard

Removal
Pull or dig up, including the roots to prevent re-sprouting. May require repeated removal for some time.
Native alternatives
Wild ginger, foam flower, creeping phlox, lady fern, evergreen wood fern, New York fern.

Vines

Learn about the invasive vines common to Cape St. Claire. These aggressive climbers can smother trees, shrubs, and groundcover, dramatically altering the structure of our natural habitats. Understand how to spot, manage, and remove them to protect native growth.

English Ivy

Removal
Pull, dig up, smother with a thick layer of leaves or other mulch, or cut with mower or weed wacker. Cut vines growing up trees at the ground and repeat until the roots die.
Native alternatives
Virginia creeper, trumpet vine, and as a ground cover: wild ginger, foam flower, creeping phlox, green & gold, lady fern, evergreen wood fern, New York fern.

Japanese Honeysuckle

Removal
Pull, dig up, or cut with mower or weed wacker. Cut vines growing up trees at ground level and repeat until the roots die.
Native alternatives
Virginia creeper, trumpet vine, cross vine, trumpet or coral honeysuckle, pipe vine, passion flower.

Oriental Bittersweet

Removal
Pull, dig up, or cut with mower or weed wacker. Cut vines growing up trees at ground level and repeat until the roots die.
Native alternatives
Virginia creeper, trumpet vine, cross vine, trumpet or coral honeysuckle, pipe vine, passion flower.

Periwinkle

Removal
Pull, dig up, smother with a thick layer of leaves or other mulch, or cut with mower or weed wacker. Repeat until the roots die.
Native alternatives
Wild ginger, foam flower, creeping phlox, green & gold, lady fern, evergreen wood fern, New York fern.

Porcelainberry

Removal
Pull, dig up, or cut with mower or weed whacker. Cut at the ground for vines climbing trees. Repeat until the roots die.
Native alternatives
Virginia creeper, trumpet vine, cross vine, trumpet or coral honeysuckle, pipe vine, passion flower.

Sweet Autumn Virgin's Bower or Japanese Clematis

Removal
Pull, dig up, or cut with mower or weed whacker. Cut at the ground for vines climbing trees. Repeat until the roots die.
Native alternatives
Virginia creeper, trumpet vine, cross vine, trumpet or coral honeysuckle, pipe vine, passion flower.